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"*common feature * Garone, different command details of the design and structure trom one another, to make ties copied details ors more perfect.? atner, to make their own monuments more perfect.29 When speaking of perfection, the megalithic settlement at Skara Bree in Orkney has a special claim to attention. This is not jus becausei,.an above all the passage grave at Maes Howe, is very well preserved; it als sits in the midst of other important Neolithic sites from the period 36o 2100 BC. The first Neolithic settlers on Orkney (assuming they were not descended from Mesolithic predecessors) arrived from the facing shore of Scotland around 3600 Bc with their animals - cattle, sheep and deer - and took advantage of the excellent fishing to be had around the islands » There were very many deer on the Orkney island of Westray, and it is possible they were herded rather than allowed to run completely wild Catching birds and collecting birds' eggs was another way of ensuring a high-protein diet. The consumption of shellfish, as elsewhere along the Atlantic coast of Europe, was prodigious. The predominance of limpet shells can be interpreted in several ways. Since this is a low-nutrition shell. fish, reliance on limpets could indicate that during periods of shortage or famine the islanders relied on this second-class food. Or they may have been used as fish bait, a practice that has not disappeared from the area. The fish the islanders caught was probably used not just for human consumption but to produce fish meal, of the sort already encountered in the Indian Ocean; and this would be fed to animals." This style of life was very stable and lasted for maybe half a millennium. The islanders' use of stone slabs, easily obtained, to construct their houses means that there are some truly remarkable archaeological sites on Ork-ney, which offer a very clear idea of how their occupants lived; for once, it is possible to move beyond evidence about how people disposed of the dead and to gain an intimate idea of how they lived from day to day. Half a dozen or more stone houses, sunk a little into the earth, were constructed at Skara Brae on the main island, and fitted out with stone cupboards and shelving, most likely box beds, benches and hearths, and even what has been described as a dresser, which may have served as a display cabinet, one of whose functions was to impress visitors. Storage boxes were let into the floor - one contained beads, pendants, pins and a dish containing red pigment made out of one of the vertebrae of a whale. These houses formed LIVING ON THE EDGE 3II a compact group, linked by semi-subterranean passages. 32 Another structure at Skara Brae was evidently a workshop, where flints were knapped using sophisticated techniques that involved the heating of the chert out of which stone tools were manufactured.33 The inhabitants of the Orkney archipelago lived in small communities scattered across the islands, and apparently obtained enough food and raw materials to meet their needs. Many mysteries about their social and religious life remain. One puzzle is why their chambered tombs so often contain vast amounts of human bone from disarticulated skeletons, but many bones are missing: at Isbister there were many foot bones but few hand bones, and plenty of skulls. Bodies were allowed to decompose and then the bones were collected and redistributed. This suggests the exist- moderately efC. I"
@ale96ange
"Vers 3180 avant JC, Skara Brae, dans les Orcades, un village néolithique très développé, fut construit. Plus ancien que les pyramides, plus ancien encore que Stonehenge, il fut habité par des générations de familles pendant 600 ans, puis mystérieusement abandonné."
@sweetmina06